Determining the Cause
Chief Complaint: Fever
a. History: Chills
Differential Diagnosis
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Kidney Stones with infection:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): gonorrhea and chlamydia
Prostatitis: Inflammation or infection of the prostate gland can lead to urinary symptoms, including frequent urination, along with fever and chills.
Interstitial Cystitis: This chronic condition can mimic the symptoms of a UTI but is not caused by bacteria. It can lead to frequent urination and discomfort.
Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can cause increased thirst and urination, and it can sometimes lead to infections that cause fever and chills.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs and can cause symptoms like pelvic pain, fever, and discomfort while urinating.
Appendicitis: Although less common, an inflamed appendix can cause fever and chills along with abdominal pain and urinary symptoms in some cases.
Influenza (Flu): Influenza can cause fever and chills along with various other systemic symptoms. It doesn't directly affect the urinary tract, but it can lead to increased fluid intake and frequent urination.
Other Systemic Infections: Haemophilus influenzae
Medications and Allergic Reactions: Certain medications or allergic reactions to medications can lead to fever and chills, and some medications can cause increased urinary frequency.
Other Inflammatory Conditions: Inflammatory conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever and urinary changes.
Stress and Anxiety: Psychological stress or anxiety can sometimes lead to increased urinary frequency and may contribute to the perception of chills or fever-like sensations.
Bacterial Infection: Tuberculosis]